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Manganese

Mineral: manganese

Daily Value: none (RDA 2-5 mg)

Hazardous level: 5 (uncertain what maximum safe level is)

Average intake in US diet: 2.7 mg

Function: important in metalloenzymes, esp. Pyruvate carboxylase and superoxide dismutase,

the latter a key antioxidant enzyme; works with enzymes that facilitate carbohydrate metabolism;

necessary for normal development of skeletal and connective tissues

DOSAGE RATIONALE: 3.5 mg RDA x 150% - daily intake

KEY NOTES AND REFERENCES:

Pennington, J.A.T., Young, B.E., "Total Diet study nutritional elements, 1982-1989", J Am Diet

Assoc 91: 179-83 (1991) - average manganese intakes were adequate for all groups in national

diet studies

Freeland-Graves, JH, and Turnlund, JR, "Deliberations and evaluations of the approaches,

endpoints, and paradigms for manganese and molybdenum dietary recommendations", J Nutr

126: 2435S-40S (1996)

- ESADDI 2 mg/day; 3.5 mg optimal balance for young men; 2.7 mg for women; women

with osteoporosis found to have low manganese levels

WHITE PAPER REFERENCES FOR STAY WELL FORMULATIONS

Gershwin, ME, Beach, R., and Hurley, L., "Trace metals, aging, and immunity", J. Am. Ger. Soc. 31:

374-8 (19??)

"The few studies conducted to date tend to indicate that adequate manganese nutriture is a

prerequisite for normal antibody production..."

Elderly 49. Freeland-Graves, JH, and Turnlund, JR, "Deliberations and evaluations of the

approaches, endpoints, and paradigms for manganese and molybdenum dietary

recommendations", J Nutr 126: 2435S-40S (1996)